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动词过去式的变化规则
1. 规则变化
①一般情况下，直接加ed
work—— worked
look——looked
walk——walked
②以e结尾的单词，直接加d
live ——lived
hope——hoped
use——used
③以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed
study——studied
carry——carried
④以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed
enjoy ——enjoyed
play——played
⑤以重读、一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节结尾的动词，双写最后的辅音字母+ed
stop—— stopped
plan——planned
prefer——preferred
2. 不规则变化
为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词，现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型，每个类型中又分若干组，尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点，以帮助记忆。
1. A—A—A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)
动词原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
含义
cost
cost
cost
花费
cut
cut
cut
割，切
hit
hit
hit
打
let
let
let
让
put
put
put
放下
read
read
read
读
hurt
hurt
hurt
伤
2. A—A—B型(现在式和过去式同形)
动词原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
含义
beat
beat
beaten
打
3. A—B—A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
动词原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
含义
come
came
come
来
become
became
become
变
run
ran
run
跑
4. A—B—B型(过去式和过去分词同形)
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
含义
burn
burnt
burnt
燃烧
learn
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
学习
mean
meant
meant
意思
hear
heard
heard
听见
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
含义
build
built
built
建筑
lend
lent
lent
借给
lose
lost
lost
失去
send
sent
sent
送
spend
spent
spent
花费
(3)其他
动词原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
含义
pay
paid
paid
付
lay
laid
laid
下蛋
say
said
said
说
bring
brought
brought
带来
buy
bought
bought
买
think
thought
thought
想
sleep
slept
slept
睡
keep
kept
kept
保持
sweep
swept
swept
扫
stand
stood
stood
站
understand
understood
understood
明白
win
won
won
得胜
shine
shone/shined
shone/shined
发光
catch
caught
caught
抓住
teach
taught
taught
教
feel
felt
felt
觉得
fight
fought
fought
战斗
find
found
found
发现
get
got
got
得到
hang
hanged
hanged
绞死
hung
hung
挂
have
had
had
有
hold
held
held
盛，握
leave
left
left
离开
make
made
made
制造
meet
met
met
遇见
sell
sold
sold
卖
shoot
shot
shot
射击
tell
told
told
告诉
smell
smelt/smelled
smelt/smelled
嗅，闻
sit
sat
sat
坐
dig
dug
dug
挖
5. A—B—C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
含义
eat
ate
eaten
吃
fall
fell
fallen
落下
steal
stole
stolen
偷
give
gave
given
给
freeze
froze
frozen
冻结
take
took
taken
拿
see
saw
seen
看见
write
wrote
written
写
ride
rode
ridden
骑
drive
drove
driven
驾驶
throw
threw
thrown
抛，扔
blow
blew
blown
吹
grow
grew
grown
生长
know
knew
known
知道
fly
flew
flown
飞
draw
drew
drawn
拉，绘画
show
showed
shown
展示
(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
含义
speak
spoke
spoken
说话
break
broke
broken
破碎，折断
wake
waked/ woke
waked/ waken
醒
choose
chose
chosen
选择
forget
forgot
forgotten
忘记
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。
动词原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
含义
begin
began
begun
开始
ring
rang
rung
按铃
sing
sang
sung
唱
sink
sank
sunk
沉
swim
swam
swum
游泳
drink
drank
drunk
饮
(4)其他不规则动词的变化。
动词原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
含义
be(am, is)
was
been
是
be(are)
were
do
did
done
做
go
went
gone
去
lie
lay
lain
躺
wear
wore
worn
穿
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