2017英语专八句型翻译:“把”字句的翻译
“把”字句的概念
汉语把字句是指用介词“把”或“将”使得谓语动词的受动成分即宾语置于动词之前的一种句式。其结构如下:
主语+把+宾语+动词+其它。
1)请您把话说清楚。Speak clearly, please.
2)我们把困难踩在脚下。We regarded the difficulty as beneath our notice.
“把”自句的翻译
翻译把字句,首先要分析“把字宾语”、“动词”和“其它”三者之间的语义关系,其中动词的最为关键,因为动词决定了英语句子结构:
1.如果三者构成整体表达一个意思,可以采用意译,不必纠缠于其位置,如上例2;如果相应的英语动词已经含有宾语在内,翻译是“把”字宾语则不必翻译。如上例1。否则,作如下处理:
2.主语+把+宾语+动词+了(时态标志)。直接译为英语句型:SVO。
1)为了赶作实验,老刘把午饭也误了。
In order to finish his experiment, old Liu missed his lunch.
2)周超同志为了给大家治病,把休息也放弃了。
Zhou chao gave up his rest (holiday) to cure the sickness for everybody.
In order to cure the sickness for everyone, Zhou chao gave up his rest (holiday).
3)要时刻把党的教导记在心上。
We should always bear in mind our party’s instructions.
3. 主语+把+直接宾语+动词+间接宾语+其它。译为:SvoO及其变式SVO+to+o句型
1)大家立刻把这个令人振奋的好消息告诉了刚从前线回来的同志。
As soon as he came back from the front, all told him this exciting news at once.
2)省委将本省认真贯彻中央一号文件精神的情况报考了中央。
Our provincial committee reported to the CCCPC that we shall firmly and conscientiously act in the spirit of the Central Document
4.主语+把+宾语+结果动词+其它。
其中的动词本是兼语式省略兼语而成,如:“我们要化悲痛为力量”(兼语式)可以用“把”或“将”使宾语“悲痛”置于动词前就变成了“我们要把悲痛化为力量”。这类动词还有:把……(当、看、认、叫)作;把……(变、认、称)作为;把……当(当、看、分、缩、造)成…… 而英语中有这么一种句式:主语+动词+名词(代词)+介词短语。其中的介词取决于动词的意义。如:
A: regard sb/sth as noun (adj,verb+ing)
We regarded him as a world-class tennis player.
类似的动词还有:
describe、recognize、designate、accept、diagnose、dismisschallenge、praise
B: owe (ascribe, attribute) sth to sb(sth) 把……归功(因,咎)于…...
devote…to… 将……献给(奉献给)……
白求恩大夫把一生都献给了中国革命。
Doctor Baiqiuen (?) devoted life to the Chines Revolutionary Cause.
C: clear(rig, purge) sb/sth of sth. 把……从 ……清除出去。
类似结构还有:
rob sb of sth 把……抢走了。
Deprive sb of sth. 把……剥夺了。
1)卖主把这车说成是一辆古色古香的名贵轿车。
The seller described it as a vintage car.
2)我们都把他当作语言学权威。
We all recognize him as a leading authority on linguistics.
5.主语+把+宾语+形容词谓语+程度补语。
此种把字句的“把”含有“致使”的含义,汉译英时使用英语中含有“致使”的动词,构成SVOC句型,或者用“S+be+形容词化的过去分词+程度补语”句式来翻译。如:
1)这项研究把他累坏了。This research tired him out.
2)你去哪里了,真把我急得要死。
You are not here. I am worried to death.
6. 主语+把+处所或范围宾语+不及物动词+动量补语。
1)他把成都逛了个遍。He paid a visit to almost everywhere of Chengdu city.
2)把里里外外再搜一遍。
Make a thorough search to the house again.
7. 表示不如意的“把”字句。
这种把字句前往往没有主语而且“把”字可以省略,因此,翻译时“把”字省略不译。
1)正需要打字员,偏偏(把个)打字员病了。
Badly in need, the very typist fell ill.
2)真是不幸,把个独生子死了。
It is unfortunate that the very only son was dead.
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