知方号

知方号

会计英语:常用术语

会计英语:常用术语

       1.account n..账,账目 a/c;账户 e.g.T-account: T型账户;account payable应付账款 receivable 应收账款);

2.Accounting concepts 会计的基本前提 1)accounting entity 会计主体;entity 实体,主体 2)going concern 持续经营 3)accounting period 会计分期 financial year/ fiscal year 会计年度(financial adj.财务的,金融的; fiscal adj.财政的) 4)money measurement货币计量

*权责发生制accrual basis. accrual n.本身是应计未付的意思, accrue v.应计未付,应计未收, e.g.accrued liabilities,应计未付负债

3.Quality of accounting information 会计信息质量要求 (1)可靠性reliability (2)相关性 relevance (3)可理解性 understandability (4)可比性comparability (5)实质重于形式 substance over form (6)重要性 materiality (7)谨慎性 prudence (8)及时性 timeliness 

4.Elements of accounting会计要素 1)Assets: 资产 – current assets 流动资产 cash and cash equivalents 现金及现金等价物 (bank deposit) inventory存货receivable应收账款prepaid expense 预付费用 – non-current assets 固定资产 property (land and building) 不动产, plant 厂房, equipment 设备 (PPE) e.g.The total assets owned by Wilson company on December 31, 2006 was US$1,500,000. 2)Liabilities: 负债 funds provided by the creditors. creditor债权人,赊销方 – current liabilities 当期负债 non-current liabilities 长期负债 total liabilities account payable应付账款 loan贷款 advance from customers 预收款 bond债券(由政府发行, government bond /treasury bond政府债券,国库券) debenture债券 (由有限公司发行) 3)Owners’ equity: 所有者权益 (Net assets) funds provided by the investors. Investor 投资者 – paid in capital (contributed capital) 实收资本 – shares /capital stock (u.s.) 股票 retained earnings 留存收益 同时记住几个单词dividend 分红 beginning retained earnings ending retained earnings – reserve 储备金 (资产重估储备金,股票溢价账户) e.g.The company offered/issued 10,000 shares at the price of US$2.30 each. 4)Revenue: 收入 sales revenue销售收入 interest revenue利息收入 rent revenue租金收入 5)Expense: 费用 cost of sales销售成本, wages expense工资费用 6)Profit (income, gain):利润 net profit, net income 

5.Financial statement 财务报表 1)balance sheet 资产负债表 2)income statement 利润表 3)statement of retained earnings 所有者权益变动表 4)cash flow statement 现金流量表

6.Accounting cycle 1)journal entries 日记账general journal总日记账 general ledger总分类账 trial balance试算平衡表 adjusting entries 调整分录 adjusted trial balance调整后的 试算平衡表 Financial statements 财务报表 closing entry 完结分录 2)Dr.—Debit 借 Cr.—Credit 贷 Double-entry system 复式记账

7.Exercise 练习 1)purchases of inventory in cash for RMB¥3,000 现金人民币3,000元购买存货 Dr.inventory 3,000借:存货 3,000 Cr.cash 3,000 贷:现金 3,000 2)sales on account of US$10,000 赊销方式销售,收入10,000美元 Dr.account receivable 10,000 借:应收账款 10,000 Cr.sales revenue 10,000 贷:销售收入 10,000 3)paid RMB¥50,000 in salaries & wages 支付工资人民币50,000元 Dr.wages & salaries expense 50,000 借:职工薪酬 50,000 Cr.bank deposit 50,000 贷:银行存款 50,000 4)cash sale of US$1,180 销售收入现金1,180美元 Dr.cash 1,180 借:现金 1,180 Cr.sales revenue 1,180贷:销售收入1,180 5)pre-paid insurance for US$12,000 预付保险费12,000美元 Dr.prepaid insurance 12,000借:预付保险 12,000 Cr.bank deposit 12,000贷:银行存款 12,000

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