锦葵Malva sinensis Cav.
锦葵Malva sinensis Cav.
科名：锦葵科 Malvaceae
属名：锦葵属 Malva
《中国植物志》第49(2)卷003页 1.锦葵（尔雅注、群芳谱）荆葵（陆玑诗疏），钱葵（草花谱），小钱花（江苏），金钱紫花葵（图考引研经堂葵考），小白淑气花（滇南本草），淑（俗）气花（云南），棋盘花（四川）图版1：1-2 Malva sinensis Cavan. Diss. 2: 77, t. 25, f. 4, 1786; S. Y. Hu Fl. China Family 153: 4, Pl. 1-2-6, 15-7, 1955; 昆明植物研究所, 云南植物志2：183, 1979. Malva. mauritiana Linn. var. sznensas (Cavan.) DC. , Prodr. 1: 432. 1824. Malva. sylvestris auct. non Linn. : Masters in Hook. f. , Fl. Brit. Ind, 1: 320, 1874; Forbes & Hernsl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 84, 1886; Maxim in Act. Hort. Petrop. 2: 78, 1890; Ito in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 14: 172, 1900; Matsum. & Hayata, Enum. Pl. Formosa in Jour. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 22: 50, 1906; Hayata in Ic. Pl. Formosa 1: 94, 1911; Liu in Bull. Peking Soc. Nat. Hist. 2 (3): 133, 1928. Malva sylvestris Linn. var. mauritiana acct. non Linn.: Liu in Bull. Peking Soc. Nat. Hist. 2 (3): 133, 1928; Hsia in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1: 59, 1931, nec Mill. nec Boiss.——Malva mauritiana auct. non Linn. : Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci.. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang 2: 85, 1833; Maxim. in Ind. Fl. Pek. , Prim. Fl. Amur. 469, 1859.——Malva. silvestris auct. non Linn.: Gurcke ＆ Diels in Bot. Jahrb. Eugler 29: 469, 1900; Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 34 (Beibl. 75): 51, 1904; Ulbrich in Loes. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37 (2): 156, 1919; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 608, 1933. 二年生或多年生直立草本，高50-90厘米，分枝多，疏被粗毛。叶圆心形或肾形，具5-7圆齿状钝裂片，长5-12厘米，宽几相等，基部近心形至圆形，边缘具圆锯齿，两面均无毛或仅脉上疏被短糙伏毛；叶柄长4-8厘米，近无毛，但上面槽内被长硬毛；托叶偏斜，卵形，具锯齿，先端渐尖。花3-11朵簇生，花梗长1-2厘米，无毛或疏被粗毛；小苞片3，长圆形，长3-4毫米，宽1-2毫米，先端圆形，疏被柔毛；萼 状，长6-7毫米，萼裂片5，宽三角形，两面均被星状疏柔毛；花紫红色或白色，直径3.5-4厘米，花瓣5，匙形，长2厘米，先端微缺，爪具髯毛；雄蕊柱长8-10毫米，被刺毛，花丝无毛；花柱分枝9-11，被微细毛。果扁圆形，径约5-7毫米，分果爿9-11，肾形，被柔毛；种子黑褐色，肾形，长2毫米。花期5-10月。 我国南北各城市常见的栽培植物，偶有逸生。南自广东、广西，北至内蒙古、辽宁，东起台湾，西至新疆和西南各省区，均有分布。印度也有。 花供园林观赏，地植或盆栽均宜；其花白色的常入药用。 本种与欧锦葵 Malva sylvestris Linn. 极相似，不同处在于本种的果实疏被柔毛，而后者平滑无毛。《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)Malva cathayensis M. G. Gilbert, Y. Tang & Dorr 锦葵 jin kui Replaced synonym: Malva sinensis Cavanilles, Diss. 2: 77. 1786, not Malva chinensis Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8, Malva no. 6. 1768; M. mauritiana Linnaeus var. sinensis Candolle. Herbs biennial or perennial, erect, many branched, 50-90 cm tall, strigose. Leaves alternate; stipule ovate-oblique, margin serrate, apex acuminate; petiole 4-8 cm, subglabrous, strigose adaxially; leaf blade cordate or reniform, 5-12 × 5-7 cm, papery, glabrous or sparsely strigose on veins, base subcordate to rounded, margin crenate, 5-7-lobed, lobes orbicular. Flowers 3-11-fascicled, axillary. Pedicel 1-2 cm, glabrous or strigose. Epicalyx lobes 3, oblong, 3-4 × 1-2 mm, apex rounded, pilose. Calyx cup-shaped, 6-7 mm, 5-lobed, broadly triangular, stellate pilose on both surfaces. Corolla purplish red or white, 3-5 cm in diam.; petals 5, spatulate, ca. 2 cm, apex slightly emarginate; claw barbed. Staminal column 8-10 mm, scabrous. Filaments glabrous. Style branches 9-11, minutely puberulent. Capsule flat globose, 5-7 mm in diam.; mericarps 9-11, reniform, pilose, abaxially puberulent, reticulate. Seeds dark brown, reniform, ca. 2 mm. Fl. May-Oct. Mostly cultivated. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to India]. Malva cathayensis is very similar to the European M. sylvestris but has pilose instead of glabrous fruit. The ICBN requires the epithets "chinensis" and "sinensis" to be treated as homonyms (Vienna Code, Art. 53 Voted Ex. 9), hence a new epithet is needed for this species.This species is cultivated as an ornamental; plants with white flowers are used medicinally.《全国中草药汇编》:锦葵【别名】小熟季花【来源】锦葵科锦葵Malva sinensis Cav.以花、叶、茎入药。【生境分布】全国各地常有栽培。【化学成份】花含粘液质，紫色花含一种花色甙：锦葵花甙（malvin）。【性味】咸，寒。【功能主治】清热利湿，理气通便。主治大小便不畅，淋巴结结核，带下，脐腹痛。【用法用量】研末，每服1钱，白开水送服。【摘录】《全国中草药汇编》