高考英语真题原创示例（之四）

■你知道高考英语的阅读理解七选五是怎样命题的吗？

●第一步：寻找材料

即从国外网站找材料——题材、体裁、内容当然是要符合命题要求。

●第二步：改编材料

即对从国外网站找来的材料进行改编——因为从国外网站找材料不一定可以直接使用。要改编的地方主要包括：

(1)长度：若文章太长，要进行压缩或删节。

(2)生词：若文章有超标单词，要进行改写或标注中文。

(3)长难句：若文章有超出高考要求的长难句，要进行改写。

(4)价值观：若文章中的句子有价值观问题，要删除或改写。

●第三步：正式命题

……

■下面以2023年-老高考-全国卷1-阅读七选五-为例看看高考题是如何改编材料的： 

▲材料来源网址：

https://www.splendidtable.org/story/2013/06/28/how-to-be-interesting-at-a-dinner-party

▲命题原始材料：

How to beinteresting at a dinner party

I recentlyfound myself invited to a dinner party. Between work and the kids, it had beenone of those really long weeks. By Friday night at 7 p.m., I had nothing left.I arrived at the party exhausted with a bad case of dinner-party performanceanxiety. I managed to muddle through, but that got me thinking about what itreally takes to be interesting in a situation like that—I can’t be the onlyone.

I wentstraight to an expert, the woman who literally wrote the book on how to beinteresting: Jessica Hagy, author of How to be Interesting. Her work appears onIndexed and Forbes.

“I thinkthe dinner party is a great stage to showcase interesting in a lot of differentways,” Hagy says. “You can show up basically as an observer of otherinteresting people and let that be a learning experience for you, or you canshow up and be a little bit more of the life of the party. But the main thingis to show up.

“The firststep is to go exploring—if you’re out of your comfort zone, if you’re wanderinginto somebody’s house for the first time—that’s one step in and of itself.”

Hagy doesn’tmean rummaging through your host’s medicine cabinet, closet or drawers. Shemeans be adventurous, try different foods, engage strangers in conversation.

“Beprepared to have awkward conversations with strangers, because goodconversation is a little bit like coaxing a feral cat out of a drain pipe,” shesays. “You need bait, you need something to talk about, you need to beperceived as non-threatening, and you need to prepare yourself to be hissed orclawed at.

“Peoplelove to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with aquestion other than “How do you know the host?” and “What do you do for aliving?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out ofwhomever it is you’re talking to.

Here’s an example:

“Usuallyit’s, ‘How did you get here?’” Hagy says. “That brings in, ‘I have this old,broken-down vehicle’ or ‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were doingwitchcraft in the back.’ It just opens up conversation.”

There areextroverts who can keep an entire room rapt with their amazing stories orjoke-telling abilities, and then there are the introverts.    

How to be Interesting

“Listeningis a key way to not only take interesting information that you can share later,but to make other people feel interesting themselves,” Hagy says. “To coaxpeople out of that shyness, just keep asking them questions.”

So whatabout that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking?

“If youcan’t take their wine away, you should definitely try to take away theirsoapbox,” Hagy says. “If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in thekitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. Or turn theconversation into a topic where they have no expertise and hope they won’t beable to weasel in and take that over so quickly.

“Thedomineering people are obstacles to good conversation with everyone. Onceeveryone realizes who that character is—for lack of a better term, the bore atthe party—everyone becomes in cahoots with derailing him.”

And whatabout that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence?

“If you’refaced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that alwaysgets everyone murmuring and talking again is to give the host a compliment,”Hagy says. “He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of thatawkwardness the most. Just quickly turn around and say, ‘This souffle ismagnificent and you have to tell me all about it.’”

So beinginteresting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. It really boils down to just afew simple steps.

“I’d saythere are three things you should always have in your pocket when you show upat a dinner party,” Hagy says. “Be ready to be a good listener, bring a giftfor the hostess or the host, and offer to clean up at the end of it. Nothingsays you’re really invested and paying attention like the willingness to help.”

▲改编后的高考真题(2023-老高考-全国卷1-阅读理解七选五-真题)：

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Accordingto Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to makeyourself interesting at a dinner party.

___36___,if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s housefor the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous,trying different foods and talking to strangers.

Peoplelove to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with aquestion other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lotmore interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ____37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the buswith these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It justopens up conversation.

____38___?If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away theirsoapbox (讲台). If you’rethe host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and justremove them from the situation. ___39___.

And whatabout that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with anawkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyonetalking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). __40___. Just quickly turn around and say,“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”

So beinginteresting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.

A. How doyou know the host

B. Thefirst step is to go exploring

C. If youask the question “How did you get here?”

D. Beprepared to have awkward conversations with strangers

E. Or turnthe conversation into a topic where they have little to say

F. Whatabout that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking

G. He orshe is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most

参考答案：36—40BCFEG 

▲命题改编示例（逐段对照）：

1.加粗且变了颜色的部分为改写的单词或短语；

2.加黄色背景的部分为高考命题时删除的内容；

3.为方便阅读，我们将改编前后的材料分段排列。

4.注意：本题的改编删除的内容比较多。

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

I recently found myself invited to a dinnerparty. Between work and the kids, it had been one of those really long weeks.By Friday night at 7 p.m., I had nothing left. I arrived at the party exhaustedwith a bad case of dinner-party performance anxiety. I managed to muddlethrough, but that got me thinking about what it really takes to be interestingin a situation like that -- I can’t be the only one.

I went straight to an expert, the woman wholiterally wrote the book on how to be interesting: Jessica Hagy, authorof How to Be Interesting. Her workappears on Indexed and Forbes.

“I think the dinner party is a great stage toshowcase interesting in a lot of different ways,” Hagy says. “You can show upbasically as an observer of other interesting people and let that be a learningexperience for you, or you can show up and be a little bit more of the life ofthe party. But the main thing is to show up.

◎改编后的高考真题：

According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to BeInteresting,it’s not difficult to makeyourself interesting at a dinner party.

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

“The firststep is to go exploring—if you’re out of your comfort zone, if you’re wanderinginto somebody’s house for the first time—that’sone step in and of itself.”

Hagy doesn’t mean rummaging through your host’smedicine cabinet, closet or drawers. She means be adventurous, try differentfoods, engage strangers in conversation.

◎改编后的高考真题：

___36___, if you’re out of yourcomfort zone or if you’re wanderinginto somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and beadventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.

注：第36空填的答案是：The first step is to go exploring

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

“People love to talkabout themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “Howdo you know the host?” and “What do youdo for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversationout of whomever it is you’re talking to.

Here’s an example:

“Usually it’s, ‘How did you gethere?’” Hagy says. “That brings in, ‘I have this old, broken-down vehicle’ or ‘Irode the bus with these crazy people who were doing witchcraft in the back.’ It just opens up conversation.”

◎改编后的高考真题：

People love to talk aboutthemselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “Whatdo you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interestingconversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ____37 ___, it can bringin “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazypeople who were laughingat silly jokesin the back.” It just opens up conversation.

注：第37空填的答案是：If you ask the question “How did youget here?”

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

So whatabout that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking?

“If youcan’t take their wine away, you should definitely try to take away their soapbox,” Hagy says. “If you’re the host, you canask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them fromthe situation. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have no expertise and hope they won’t be ableto weasel in and take that over so quickly.

◎改编后的高考真题：

____38___? If you can’t take theirwine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in thekitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. ___39___.

注：第38空填的答案是：What about that person who has hadtoo much to drink or won’t stop talking

第39空填的答案是：Or turn the conversation into atopic where they have little to say

◎改编前的原始材料（加了黄色背景的内容在改编成真题时被删除了）：

“The domineering people are obstacles to goodconversation with everyone. Once everyone realizes who that character is—for lack of a betterterm, the bore at the party—everyonebecomes in cahoots with derailing him.”

And whatabout that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence?

“If you’refaced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that alwaysgets everyone murmuring and talking again is to give the host acompliment,” Hagy says. “He or sheis the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most. Justquickly turn around and say, ‘This souffle is magnificent and you have to tellme all about it.’”

So being interesting at a dinner party isn’tthat hard. It really boils down to just a few simple steps.

“I’d say there are three things you shouldalways have in your pocket when you show up at a dinner party,” Hagy says. “Beready to be a good listener, bring a gift for the hostess or the host, andoffer to clean up at the end of it. Nothing says you’re really invested andpaying attention like the willingness to help.”

◎改编后的高考真题：

And what about that otherdinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silenceat a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is togive the host a compliment (赞扬). __40___. Justquickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have totell me all about it.”

注：第40空填的答案是：He or she is the person who isfeeling the weight of that awkwardness the most