土地利用和土地覆被（LULC）的变化已显示出通过调节土地表面温度和降雨的各种途径对气候产生重大影响。但是，很少有研究使用观察来说明印度地区的这种联系。通过结合地面，卫星遥感和再分析产品，我们调查了1981年至2010年之间东部奥里萨邦州地表温度的最新变化，并评估了其与LULC的关系。我们的分析表明，在过去的三十年中，该州的平均温度上升了〜0.3°C，而最近十年（2001年至2010年）的升温最快（〜0.9°C）。我们的研究表明，这种观测到的总体变暖的25％至50％与LULC有关。此外，我们观察到LULC变化的空间模式与与LULC相关的独立估计的变暖非常吻合，表明它们之间存在物理联系。这项研究还揭示，最大的变化与植被覆盖率的变化有关，这由LULC类别和归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）的变化所证明。我们的研究表明，自2001年以来，该州经历了LULC引起的变暖，占总体温度上升的四分之一。随着城市景观的扩大以及人为活动的增加以及种植方式的改变，LULC将变化与地表温度联系起来因此，该地区的区域气候反馈需要进行额外的调查。
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Land use and land cover change effect on surface temperature over Eastern India.
Land use and land cover (LULC) change has been shown to have significant effect on climate through various pathways that modulate land surface temperature and rainfall. However, few studies have illustrated such a link over the Indian region using observations. Through a combination of ground, satellite remote sensing and reanalysis products, we investigate the recent changes to land surface temperature in the Eastern state of Odisha between 1981 and 2010 and assess its relation to LULC. Our analysis reveals that the mean temperature of the state has increased by ~0.3 °C during the past three decades with the most accelerated warming (~0.9 °C) occurring during the recent decade (2001 to 2010). Our study shows that 25 to 50% of this observed overall warming is associated with LULC. Further we observe that the spatial pattern of LULC changes matches well with the independently estimated warming associated with LULC suggesting a physical association between them. This study also reveals that the largest changes are linked to changing vegetation cover as evidenced by changes to both LULC classes and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Our study shows that the state has undergone an LULC induced warming which accounts for a quarter of the overall temperature rise since 2001. With the expected expansion of urban landscape and concomitant increase in anthropogenic activities along with changing cropping patterns, LULC linked changes to surface temperature and hence regional climate feedback over this region necessitates additional investigations.