说到cmake,可能最先想到的就是CmakeLists.txt文件,但是在很多情况下,也会看到.cmake文件。也许,你会诧异,.cmake文件是干什么的,甚至会想.cmake文件是不是cmake的正统文件,而CmakeLists.txt并不是。
但其实,CmakeLists.txt才是cmake的正统文件,而.cmake文件是一个模块文件,可以被include到CMakeLists.txt中。
include指令include指令一般用于语句的复用,也就是说,如果有一些语句需要在很多CMakeLists.txt文件中使用,为避免重复编写,可以将其写在.cmake文件中,然后在需要的CMakeLists.txt文件中进行include操作就行了。
include指令的结构为:
include( [OPTIONAL] [RESULT_VARIABLE ] [NO_POLICY_SCOPE])虽然,有不少的可选参数,但是一般情况下,都是直接写:
include(file|module)注意,为了使CMakeLists.txt能够找到该文件,需要指定文件完整路径(绝对路径或相对路径),当然如果指定了CMAKE_MODULE_PATH,就可以直接include该目录下的.cmake文件了。
.cmake文件里面通常是什么信息呢?
.cmake文件里包含了一些cmake命令和一些宏/函数,当CMakeLists.txt包含该.cmake文件时,当编译运行时,该.cmake里的一些命令就会在该包含处得到执行,并且在包含以后的地方能够调用该.cmake里的一些宏和函数。
什么是宏?什么是函数?
MACRO宏和function函数 宏和函数的定义先看一下关键字:cmake的宏是MACRO,函数是function。它们的用法是:
macro( [arg1 [arg2 [arg3 ...]]]) COMMAND1(ARGS ...) # 命令语句 COMMAND2(ARGS ...) ...endmacro()function( [arg1 [arg2 [arg3 ...]]]) COMMAND1(ARGS ...) # 命令语句 COMMAND2(ARGS ...) ...function()定义一个名称为name的宏(函数),arg1...是传入的参数。我们除了可以用${arg1}来引用变量以外,系统为我们提供了一些特殊的变量:
变量说明argv##是一个下标,0指向第一个参数,累加argv所有的定义时要求传入的参数argn定义时要求传入的参数以外的参数argc传入的实际参数的个数,也就是调用函数是传入的参数个数 宏和函数的区别那么宏和函数之间的区别是什么呢?
其实和C/C++里面宏和函数之间的区别差不多,宏就是字符串替换,函数就是使用变量,在命令中途可以对改变量进行修改。
以StackOverflow的例子来了解一下区别:
首先创建一个CMakeLists.txt:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)include(test.cmake)在同目录下创建文件test.cmake:
set(var "ABC")macro(Moo arg) message("arg = ${arg}") set(arg "abc") message("# After change the value of arg.") message("arg = ${arg}")endmacro()message("=== Call macro ===")Moo(${var})function(Foo arg) message("arg = ${arg}") set(arg "abc") message("# After change the value of arg.") message("arg = ${arg}")endfunction()message("=== Call function ===")Foo(${var})运行cmake:
mkdir build && cd buildcmake ..运行后的输出结果是:
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works-- Detecting C compiler ABI info-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting C compile features-- Detecting C compile features - done-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting CXX compile features-- Detecting CXX compile features - done=== Call macro ===arg = ABC# After change the value of arg.arg = ABC=== Call function ===arg = ABC# After change the value of arg.arg = abc-- Configuring done-- Generating done-- Build files have been written to: /home/yngzmiao/test/build从这里可以看出,宏实现的仅仅是字符串替换,宏定义的过程中是无法进行修改的,而函数却是可以的。
蛋疼的参数一般情况下,从上面的例子就能看出宏和函数的用法了,但很多情况下,我们自以为的“懂了”都是假懂。比如一不小心,就会出错。
更换test.cmake为下面的内容,并运行:
set(var "ABC")macro(Moo arg) message("arg = ${arg}") set(arg "abc") message("# After change the value of arg.") message("arg = ${arg}")endmacro()message("=== Call macro ===")Moo(var)function(Foo arg) message("arg = ${arg}") set(arg "abc") message("# After change the value of arg.") message("arg = ${arg}")endfunction()message("=== Call function ===")Foo(var)运行后的输出结果是:
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works-- Detecting C compiler ABI info-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting C compile features-- Detecting C compile features - done-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting CXX compile features-- Detecting CXX compile features - done=== Call macro ===arg = var# After change the value of arg.arg = var=== Call function ===arg = var# After change the value of arg.arg = abc-- Configuring done-- Generating done-- Build files have been written to: /home/yngzmiao/test/build对比两段程序可以看出其中的区别:无论是宏还是函数,当调用的时候如果使用的是set出来的变量,都必须通过${}将变量的内容传递进去,而不能只写上变量名。
这是将实参传递给形参时的注意点,但在宏和函数的实现过程中,还有需要注意的内容。
例子:
set(var "ABC")macro(Moo arg) if (arg STREQUAL "ABC") message("arg1 = ${arg}") endif() if (${arg} STREQUAL "ABC") message("arg2 = ${arg}") endif()endmacro()message("=== Call macro ===")Moo(${var})function(Foo arg) if (arg STREQUAL "ABC") message("arg1 = ${arg}") endif() if (${arg} STREQUAL "ABC") message("arg2 = ${arg}") endif()endfunction()message("=== Call function ===")Foo(${var})运行后的输出结果是:
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works-- Detecting C compiler ABI info-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting C compile features-- Detecting C compile features - done-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting CXX compile features-- Detecting CXX compile features - done=== Call macro ===arg2 = ABC=== Call function ===arg1 = ABCarg2 = ABC-- Configuring done-- Generating done-- Build files have been written to: /home/yngzmiao/test/build可以看出,在宏和函数的实现过程中,宏的参数由于不是传统意义上的变量,而是字符串替换,因此需要通过${}取出内容。而函数却不一定需要这样。
也就是说,对于macro宏而言:
if(argv0) # 错误用法if(${argv0}) # 正确用法if(defined argv0) # 错误用法if(defined ${argv0}) # 正确用法也就是说,对于宏和函数的参数而言:
当宏和函数调用的时候,如果传递的是经set设置的变量,必须通过${}取出内容;在宏的定义过程中,对变量进行的操作必须通过${}取出内容,而函数就没有这个必要。 相关阅读CMake实战–include命令和macro宏 cmake使用教程(八)-macro和function CMake中include指令用法介绍