What’s New in Python¶

The “What’s New in Python” series of essays takes tours through the mostimportant changes between major Python versions. They are a “must read” foranyone wishing to stay up-to-date after a new release.

What’s New In Python 3.13Summary – Release HighlightsNew FeaturesOther Language ChangesNew ModulesImproved ModulesOptimizationsRemoved Modules And APIsNew DeprecationsCPython Bytecode ChangesC API ChangesBuild ChangesPorting to Python 3.13Regression Test ChangesWhat’s New In Python 3.12Summary – Release highlightsNew FeaturesNew Features Related to Type HintsOther Language ChangesNew ModulesImproved ModulesOptimizationsCPython bytecode changesDemos and ToolsDeprecatedRemovedPorting to Python 3.12Build ChangesC API ChangesWhat’s New In Python 3.11Summary – Release highlightsNew FeaturesNew Features Related to Type HintsOther Language ChangesOther CPython Implementation ChangesNew ModulesImproved ModulesOptimizationsFaster CPythonCPython bytecode changesDeprecatedPending Removal in Python 3.12RemovedPorting to Python 3.11Build ChangesC API ChangesNotable changes in 3.11.4Notable changes in 3.11.5What’s New In Python 3.10Summary – Release highlightsNew FeaturesNew Features Related to Type HintsOther Language ChangesNew ModulesImproved ModulesOptimizationsDeprecatedRemovedPorting to Python 3.10CPython bytecode changesBuild ChangesC API ChangesNotable security feature in 3.10.7Notable security feature in 3.10.8Notable changes in 3.10.12What’s New In Python 3.9Summary – Release highlightsYou should check for DeprecationWarning in your codeNew FeaturesOther Language ChangesNew ModulesImproved ModulesOptimizationsDeprecatedRemovedPorting to Python 3.9Build ChangesC API ChangesNotable changes in Python 3.9.1Notable changes in Python 3.9.2Notable changes in Python 3.9.3Notable changes in Python 3.9.5Notable security feature in 3.9.14Notable changes in 3.9.17What’s New In Python 3.8Summary – Release highlightsNew FeaturesOther Language ChangesNew ModulesImproved ModulesOptimizationsBuild and C API ChangesDeprecatedAPI and Feature RemovalsPorting to Python 3.8Notable changes in Python 3.8.1Notable changes in Python 3.8.2Notable changes in Python 3.8.3Notable changes in Python 3.8.8Notable changes in Python 3.8.9Notable changes in Python 3.8.10Notable changes in Python 3.8.10Notable changes in Python 3.8.12Notable security feature in 3.8.14Notable changes in 3.8.17What’s New In Python 3.7Summary – Release HighlightsNew FeaturesOther Language ChangesNew ModulesImproved ModulesC API ChangesBuild ChangesOptimizationsOther CPython Implementation ChangesDeprecated Python BehaviorDeprecated Python modules, functions and methodsDeprecated functions and types of the C APIPlatform Support RemovalsAPI and Feature RemovalsModule RemovalsWindows-only ChangesPorting to Python 3.7Notable changes in Python 3.7.1Notable changes in Python 3.7.2Notable changes in Python 3.7.6Notable changes in Python 3.7.10Notable changes in Python 3.7.11Notable security feature in 3.7.14What’s New In Python 3.6Summary – Release highlightsNew FeaturesOther Language ChangesNew ModulesImproved ModulesOptimizationsBuild and C API ChangesOther ImprovementsDeprecatedRemovedPorting to Python 3.6Notable changes in Python 3.6.2Notable changes in Python 3.6.4Notable changes in Python 3.6.5Notable changes in Python 3.6.7Notable changes in Python 3.6.10Notable changes in Python 3.6.13Notable changes in Python 3.6.14What’s New In Python 3.5Summary – Release highlightsNew FeaturesOther Language ChangesNew ModulesImproved ModulesOther module-level changesOptimizationsBuild and C API ChangesDeprecatedRemovedPorting to Python 3.5Notable changes in Python 3.5.4What’s New In Python 3.4Summary – Release HighlightsNew FeaturesNew ModulesImproved ModulesCPython Implementation ChangesDeprecatedRemovedPorting to Python 3.4Changed in 3.4.3What’s New In Python 3.3Summary – Release highlightsPEP 405: Virtual EnvironmentsPEP 420: Implicit Namespace PackagesPEP 3118: New memoryview implementation and buffer protocol documentationPEP 393: Flexible String RepresentationPEP 397: Python Launcher for WindowsPEP 3151: Reworking the OS and IO exception hierarchyPEP 380: Syntax for Delegating to a SubgeneratorPEP 409: Suppressing exception contextPEP 414: Explicit Unicode literalsPEP 3155: Qualified name for classes and functionsPEP 412: Key-Sharing DictionaryPEP 362: Function Signature ObjectPEP 421: Adding sys.implementationUsing importlib as the Implementation of ImportOther Language ChangesA Finer-Grained Import LockBuiltin functions and typesNew ModulesImproved ModulesOptimizationsBuild and C API ChangesDeprecatedPorting to Python 3.3What’s New In Python 3.2PEP 384: Defining a Stable ABIPEP 389: Argparse Command Line Parsing ModulePEP 391: Dictionary Based Configuration for LoggingPEP 3148: The concurrent.futures modulePEP 3147: PYC Repository DirectoriesPEP 3149: ABI Version Tagged .so FilesPEP 3333: Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0.1Other Language ChangesNew, Improved, and Deprecated ModulesMulti-threadingOptimizationsUnicodeCodecsDocumentationIDLECode RepositoryBuild and C API ChangesPorting to Python 3.2What’s New In Python 3.1PEP 372: Ordered DictionariesPEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands SeparatorOther Language ChangesNew, Improved, and Deprecated ModulesOptimizationsIDLEBuild and C API ChangesPorting to Python 3.1What’s New In Python 3.0Common Stumbling BlocksOverview Of Syntax ChangesChanges Already Present In Python 2.6Library ChangesPEP 3101: A New Approach To String FormattingChanges To ExceptionsMiscellaneous Other ChangesBuild and C API ChangesPerformancePorting To Python 3.0What’s New in Python 2.7The Future for Python 2.xChanges to the Handling of Deprecation WarningsPython 3.1 FeaturesPEP 372: Adding an Ordered Dictionary to collectionsPEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands SeparatorPEP 389: The argparse Module for Parsing Command LinesPEP 391: Dictionary-Based Configuration For LoggingPEP 3106: Dictionary ViewsPEP 3137: The memoryview ObjectOther Language ChangesNew and Improved ModulesBuild and C API ChangesOther Changes and FixesPorting to Python 2.7New Features Added to Python 2.7 Maintenance ReleasesAcknowledgementsWhat’s New in Python 2.6Python 3.0Changes to the Development ProcessPEP 343: The ‘with’ statementPEP 366: Explicit Relative Imports From a Main ModulePEP 370: Per-user site-packages DirectoryPEP 371: The multiprocessing PackagePEP 3101: Advanced String FormattingPEP 3105: print As a FunctionPEP 3110: Exception-Handling ChangesPEP 3112: Byte LiteralsPEP 3116: New I/O LibraryPEP 3118: Revised Buffer ProtocolPEP 3119: Abstract Base ClassesPEP 3127: Integer Literal Support and SyntaxPEP 3129: Class DecoratorsPEP 3141: A Type Hierarchy for NumbersOther Language ChangesNew and Improved ModulesDeprecations and RemovalsBuild and C API ChangesPorting to Python 2.6AcknowledgementsWhat’s New in Python 2.5PEP 308: Conditional ExpressionsPEP 309: Partial Function ApplicationPEP 314: Metadata for Python Software Packages v1.1PEP 328: Absolute and Relative ImportsPEP 338: Executing Modules as ScriptsPEP 341: Unified try/except/finallyPEP 342: New Generator FeaturesPEP 343: The ‘with’ statementPEP 352: Exceptions as New-Style ClassesPEP 353: Using ssize_t as the index typePEP 357: The ‘__index__’ methodOther Language ChangesNew, Improved, and Removed ModulesBuild and C API ChangesPorting to Python 2.5AcknowledgementsWhat’s New in Python 2.4PEP 218: Built-In Set ObjectsPEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and IntegersPEP 289: Generator ExpressionsPEP 292: Simpler String SubstitutionsPEP 318: Decorators for Functions and MethodsPEP 322: Reverse IterationPEP 324: New subprocess ModulePEP 327: Decimal Data TypePEP 328: Multi-line ImportsPEP 331: Locale-Independent Float/String ConversionsOther Language ChangesNew, Improved, and Deprecated ModulesBuild and C API ChangesPorting to Python 2.4AcknowledgementsWhat’s New in Python 2.3PEP 218: A Standard Set DatatypePEP 255: Simple GeneratorsPEP 263: Source Code EncodingsPEP 273: Importing Modules from ZIP ArchivesPEP 277: Unicode file name support for Windows NTPEP 278: Universal Newline SupportPEP 279: enumerate()PEP 282: The logging PackagePEP 285: A Boolean TypePEP 293: Codec Error Handling CallbacksPEP 301: Package Index and Metadata for DistutilsPEP 302: New Import HooksPEP 305: Comma-separated FilesPEP 307: Pickle EnhancementsExtended SlicesOther Language ChangesNew, Improved, and Deprecated ModulesPymalloc: A Specialized Object AllocatorBuild and C API ChangesOther Changes and FixesPorting to Python 2.3AcknowledgementsWhat’s New in Python 2.2IntroductionPEPs 252 and 253: Type and Class ChangesPEP 234: IteratorsPEP 255: Simple GeneratorsPEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and IntegersPEP 238: Changing the Division OperatorUnicode ChangesPEP 227: Nested ScopesNew and Improved ModulesInterpreter Changes and FixesOther Changes and FixesAcknowledgementsWhat’s New in Python 2.1IntroductionPEP 227: Nested ScopesPEP 236: __future__ DirectivesPEP 207: Rich ComparisonsPEP 230: Warning FrameworkPEP 229: New Build SystemPEP 205: Weak ReferencesPEP 232: Function AttributesPEP 235: Importing Modules on Case-Insensitive PlatformsPEP 217: Interactive Display HookPEP 208: New Coercion ModelPEP 241: Metadata in Python PackagesNew and Improved ModulesOther Changes and FixesAcknowledgementsWhat’s New in Python 2.0IntroductionWhat About Python 1.6?New Development ProcessUnicodeList ComprehensionsAugmented AssignmentString MethodsGarbage Collection of CyclesOther Core ChangesPorting to 2.0Extending/Embedding ChangesDistutils: Making Modules Easy to InstallXML ModulesModule changesNew modulesIDLE ImprovementsDeleted and Deprecated ModulesAcknowledgements

The “Changelog” is an HTML version of the file builtfrom the contents of theMisc/NEWS.d directory tree, which contains all nontrivial changesto Python for the current version.

ChangelogPython nextPython 3.13.0 finalPython 3.13.0 release candidate 3Python 3.13.0 release candidate 2Python 3.13.0 release candidate 1Python 3.13.0 beta 4Python 3.13.0 beta 3Python 3.13.0 beta 2Python 3.13.0 beta 1Python 3.13.0 alpha 6Python 3.13.0 alpha 5Python 3.13.0 alpha 4Python 3.13.0 alpha 3Python 3.13.0 alpha 2Python 3.13.0 alpha 1Python 3.12.0 beta 1Python 3.12.0 alpha 7Python 3.12.0 alpha 6Python 3.12.0 alpha 5Python 3.12.0 alpha 4Python 3.12.0 alpha 3Python 3.12.0 alpha 2Python 3.12.0 alpha 1Python 3.11.0 beta 1Python 3.11.0 alpha 7Python 3.11.0 alpha 6Python 3.11.0 alpha 5Python 3.11.0 alpha 4Python 3.11.0 alpha 3Python 3.11.0 alpha 2Python 3.11.0 alpha 1Python 3.10.0 beta 1Python 3.10.0 alpha 7Python 3.10.0 alpha 6Python 3.10.0 alpha 5Python 3.10.0 alpha 4Python 3.10.0 alpha 3Python 3.10.0 alpha 2Python 3.10.0 alpha 1Python 3.9.0 beta 1Python 3.9.0 alpha 6Python 3.9.0 alpha 5Python 3.9.0 alpha 4Python 3.9.0 alpha 3Python 3.9.0 alpha 2Python 3.9.0 alpha 1Python 3.8.0 beta 1Python 3.8.0 alpha 4Python 3.8.0 alpha 3Python 3.8.0 alpha 2Python 3.8.0 alpha 1Python 3.7.0 finalPython 3.7.0 release candidate 1Python 3.7.0 beta 5Python 3.7.0 beta 4Python 3.7.0 beta 3Python 3.7.0 beta 2Python 3.7.0 beta 1Python 3.7.0 alpha 4Python 3.7.0 alpha 3Python 3.7.0 alpha 2Python 3.7.0 alpha 1Python 3.6.6 finalPython 3.6.6 release candidate 1Python 3.6.5 finalPython 3.6.5 release candidate 1Python 3.6.4 finalPython 3.6.4 release candidate 1Python 3.6.3 finalPython 3.6.3 release candidate 1Python 3.6.2 finalPython 3.6.2 release candidate 2Python 3.6.2 release candidate 1Python 3.6.1 finalPython 3.6.1 release candidate 1Python 3.6.0 finalPython 3.6.0 release candidate 2Python 3.6.0 release candidate 1Python 3.6.0 beta 4Python 3.6.0 beta 3Python 3.6.0 beta 2Python 3.6.0 beta 1Python 3.6.0 alpha 4Python 3.6.0 alpha 3Python 3.6.0 alpha 2Python 3.6.0 alpha 1Python 3.5.5 finalPython 3.5.5 release candidate 1Python 3.5.4 finalPython 3.5.4 release candidate 1Python 3.5.3 finalPython 3.5.3 release candidate 1Python 3.5.2 finalPython 3.5.2 release candidate 1Python 3.5.1 finalPython 3.5.1 release candidate 1Python 3.5.0 finalPython 3.5.0 release candidate 4Python 3.5.0 release candidate 3Python 3.5.0 release candidate 2Python 3.5.0 release candidate 1Python 3.5.0 beta 4Python 3.5.0 beta 3Python 3.5.0 beta 2Python 3.5.0 beta 1Python 3.5.0 alpha 4Python 3.5.0 alpha 3Python 3.5.0 alpha 2Python 3.5.0 alpha 1