Unit6 社会文化Text4 正文It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a ‘Be Kind to Other Drivers’ campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
Text4 习题1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by ________.[A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog[B] the rhythm of modern life[C] the behavior of the driver[D] traffic conditions2. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that ________.[A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists[B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog[D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists3. By “good sense,” the writer means ________.[A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably[B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions[C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior[D] the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, ________.[A] road users should make more sacrifice[B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other[C] drivers should have more communication among themselves[D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others5. In the writer’s opinion, ________.[A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed[B] drivers should apply road politeness properly[C] rude drivers should be punished[D] drivers should avoid traffic jams
Text4 全文翻译我们可以谴责交通阻塞、汽油价格、以及现代生活的快节奏，但马路礼貌确实越来越糟糕。所有的人都知道：即便脾气最好的人在车里也会变成怪兽。老虎在油箱里还好说，可老虎若坐在驾驶员的位置上就完全是另一回事了。你也许能够容忍在马路上横冲直闯的司机、粗鲁且不体谅人的司机，但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。(可能这需要发起一场“对其他司机友善”的运动，否则，情形会完全失控)。马路文明不仅是一种礼貌行为，还是一种良好的意识。司机需要非常冷静的头脑和好脾气才能在碰到不文明行为时克制住自己不进行报复。另一方面，些许文明行为十分有助于缓解驾车时的紧张情绪。一个友好的颔首、感谢对方礼貌行为的一个轻轻的挥手有助于形成友好宽容的氛围，而这在当前的交通条件下是非常必要的。但现在，这种对礼貌表示认可的行为非常罕见。现今很多司机即使见到礼貌行为也似乎视若惘然。但是，误用礼貌同样危险。典型的事例为：司机为了让过从边路上突然出现的车而采取急刹车，却对后面的交通造成了危险。（而若不出现这种情况），本来只需几秒钟的等待，道路就会畅通无阻；或者，有人会为一个穿过斑马线的孩子让路，示意其进入行车道，但随后驶来的车辆却无法及时停车。同样，鼓励老太太随时随地横穿马路的行为也是如此。我经常感到奇怪：高速公路上居然没有屡屡出现这些老太太被撞死的交通事故。一位行为无可挑剔的老司机曾告诉我：在不引起交通阻塞，从而惹怒其他司机的前提下，司机们学会逐个插入车流有助于缓解交通。但现代的驾驶员甚至不会学如何驾车，更别说掌握公路驾车技能的微妙之处了。多年前专家就曾警告我们：汽车拥有量的突增要求所有马路使用者的互谅互让。现在是我们该把这项警告铭记于心的时候了。Text4 重点句Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time.该句意义：该句是考研中较为经典的复杂句式，对于其的理解将有助于未来的考研复习，并最终提升成。该句语法：第一个主谓宾结构：主句主语：examples谓语：are宾语：the driver or the man之所认为宾语为两个名词的并列，主要是主语的例子的复数应该对应有着复数对象。主语前置定语：Typical第一宾语the driver后置定语（定语从句）：who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic,谓语状语：, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;注意该句中when前添加了“，”以表示其为修饰主句谓语的状语，而不是就近修饰定语从句或是定语从句中的非谓语动词的状语。第二个主谓宾结构：主句第一宾语the driver定语从句主语：who =the driver谓语：brakes宾语：to allow宾语非谓语动词to allow 的逻辑宾语（1）：a car宾语非谓语动词to allow 的逻辑宾语（2）：to emerge宾语非谓语动词to allow 的逻辑宾语非谓语动词 to emerge 的逻辑宾语（1）： from a side street宾语非谓语动词to allow 的逻辑宾语非谓语动词 to emerge 的逻辑宾语（2）： to following宾语非谓语动词to allow 的逻辑宾语非谓语动词 to emerge 的逻辑宾语（1）的后置定语：at some hazard宾语非谓语动词to allow 的逻辑宾语非谓语动词 to emerge 的逻辑宾语（2）的逻辑宾语： traffic第三个主谓宾结构：主句状语从句主语：the road谓语：would be宾语：clear谓语时间状语：a few seconds later谓语让步状语：anyway第四个主谓宾结构：主句第二宾语the man定语从句主语：who =the man谓语：waves第一宾语：a child第二宾语：across a zebra第二宾语后定语：crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles第二宾语后定语中vehicles的后置定语：定语从句：that may be unable to stop in time.第四个主谓宾结构：主句第二宾语定语从句中定语从句：主语：that=vehicles谓语(系动词)：may be宾语（表语）： unable to stop表语中非谓语动词状语：in time
Text4 习题答案答案:CDABB1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by________.1. 根据